You're right, it can get hot under that area. The catalytic converter shield attaches to the floor via bolts and they go through the floor. Those bolts are relatively close to the converter and can conduct a lot of heat. And, yeah, the rear seat bolts also go through the floor and are fairly close to the CC. Frankly I was surprised to see how GM did it, it doesn't seem like a good idea, based on what I've seen on most other similar vehicles. It's something I've thought about too, although I haven't felt extreme heat (but I'm sure it 'could' occur). It seems like asking for a potential fire, under worst-case circumstances, esp if the CC shield rusts off (which they eventually do in the rust belt states). But I guess (hope) GM did the heat calcs to show it was ok. I haven't heard of any vehicle fires, but who knows?
I don't know the driving conditions of your journey, but I speculate if a person were driving in the same direction as the wind, and not enough air-flow was cooling that area off, (or some slow driving/idling towards the end), maybe in your case it could have allowed even more heat to build up than might otherwise be the case. I guess you should make sure your catalytic converter shield is in place, which deflects a lot of heat downward (the CC shield seems somewhat undersized too). Most vehicles I've worked on over the years have brackets welded to the underside of the cab ...and the heat shield attaches to those brackets (to reduce conduction of heat through the floor).
Some (approved) reflective foil matting above the converter shield attached to the cab underside would reduce a LOT of heat transfer to the cab floor. Something I've considered doing. A lot of vehicles have been doing that for years, like Grand Cherokees, etc.
You might pull off your rt side lower plastic and work your hand under the rear pass footwell carpet to see if it's wet. You might need to loosen the seat's rear bolts and tilt it up to get your hand further in. A wet carpet would conduct more heat than a dry carpet, making it feel even warmer. Leaks are common, if not through the sunroof drain tubes (if you have a S/R), then via cracks in the caulking under the roof side plastic trims (or the rear cargo top gasket). Once I remove the interior plastic and put a hose to the roof of my hummer, there was water streaming in (not drippping) in two places!